Jajircewar Cardoso Wajen Bunkasa Tattalin Arzikin Nijeriya

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Tattalin arzikin Nijeriya, kamar na yawancin sauran kasashe, yana fuskantar tangarda sakamakon sauye-sauyen da ke faruwa a kasuwannin duniya, wadanda suka samo asali daga rikice-rikicen siyasa da tattalin arziki da ba a hango su sosai ba a baya.

Saboda haka, akwai wasu muhimman dalilai, Babban Bankin Nijeriya (CBN) ya dauki sabbin matakan manufofi domin tabbatar da amincewar jama’a ga tattalin arzikin kasa ta kasance mai karfi da dorewa.

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Daga cikin wadannan manufofi akwai wadanda suka shafi harkokin kudi, wadanda ke da nufin karfafa ginshikan tattalin arziki tare da amfani da irin wadannan kayan aiki wajen karfafa ci gaban tattalin arziki da kuma tabbatar da daidaiton tsarin kudi gaba daya.

Masana sun amince cewa wasu muhimman matakai da shugabancin babban bankin ya dauka, kamar rage kimar kudin ruwa na manufofin (MPR) zuwa kashi 26.5 cikin dari, za su taimaka matuka wajen kara zuba jari.

Haka kuma CBN ya dauki matakan karfafa sashen bankuna ta hanyar dagewa kan sabon mafi karancin jarin da bankuna za su mallaka, tare da kaddamar da Dokar Canjin Kudin Waje ta Nijeriya domin tabbatar da gaskiya da rikon amana.

Yana da muhimmanci a lura cewa Kwamitin Manufofin Kudi (MPC) ya rage kimar riba ta asali da maki 50 zuwa kashi 26.5 cikin dari daga kashi 27 cikin dari a farkon shekarar 2026, wanda ke nuna sauyi daga tsauraran matakan da ake dauka a baya.

Haka kuma, manufar karfafa jarin sashen bankuna, wacce ta fara aiki daga Maris 2026, ta gabatar da sabbin ka’idojin mafi karancin jarin bankuna domin tabbatar da karfin sashen bankuna da kuma tallafa wa tattalin arziki da ake hasashen zai kai Dala tiriliyan 1.

Kakakin babban bankin, Hakama Ali-Sidi, a cikin wata sanarwa, ta ba da bayani kan wannan aikin manufofi.

“Tun daga 6 ga Maris, 2026, aikin karfafa jarin bankuna yana tafiya yadda ya kamata. Bankuna 30 sun cika sabbin ka’idojin mafi karancin jarin da suka shafi lasisin da aka ba su.

“Gabadaya, bankuna 33 sun tara karin jarin kasuwanci ta hanyar sayar da hannun jari, sayar da hannun jari na farko (IPOs), da kuma sanya hannun jari na masu zaman kansu a matsayin wani bangare na wannan shiri.”

Ta kara da cewa Babban Bankin Nijeriya zai ci gaba da gudanar da kulawar tsanaki tare da cibiyoyin da ake kula da su domin tabbatar da cikakkun bin ka’idojin tsaro da bukatun jarin bankuna.

Kamar yadda aka ambata a baya, sashen canjin kudi na kasashen waje a cikin tattalin arzikin kudi ya ci gaba da zama jigon cece-kuce saboda muhimmancinsa a harkokin kasuwanci na yau da kullum, ciki har da shigo da kaya, fitar da kaya da sauran ayyuka da suka shafi zuba jari kai tsaye daga kasashen waje (FDI).

An samu damuwa kan gaskiya da rikon amana wajen gudanar da wannan sashen da ayyukansa. Don magance wadannan damuwar, CBN ya kaddamar da Dokar Canjin Kudin Waje ta Nijeriya  domin karfafa gaskiya da inganci, yayin da take ci gaba da matsawa zuwa tsarin “mai saye mai so, mai sayarwa mai so” domin daidaita darajar naira.

Duk da rage kimar riba, CBN na ci gaba da daukar mataki na taka tsantsan kan kudaden hannu, ta rike Babban Kason Ajiyar Kudi a kashi 45 cikin dari domin rage hauhawar farashin kayayyaki, yayin da yake karfafa mu’amaloli na dijital.

Yana da muhimmanci a nuna cewa mayar da hankali kan ci gaban tattalin arziki da daidaito bai ragu ba. Babban manufar ita ce daidaita sarrafa hauhawar farashin kayayyaki tare da bukatar karfafa ayyukan tattalin arziki da habaka ajiyar kudaden waje, wanda ya kai matsayi mafi girma cikin shekaru 13, tare da karfafa daidaiton tsarin kudi.

Masu sa ido kan tattalin arziki na da yakinin cewa rage kimar riba ta MPR zuwa kashi 26.5 cikin dari mataki ne mai kyau a hanya madaidaiciya, domin an tsara shi ne don saukaka samun bashi ga ‘yan kasuwa, inda ake sa ran farashin aro zai ragu sosai.

Daya daga cikin manyan manufofin sabuwar Dokar Canjin Kudin Waje shi ne kara amincewar kasuwa da shigar kudade daga waje yayin da ake karfafa yawan kudaden canji a hannu. Bisa ga ka’idar bukata da wadata, gwamnatin Babban Bankin da Yemi Cardoso ke jagoranta tana ganin cewa bin ka’idojin kasuwar ‘yanci da barin karfin bukata da wadata su rarraba albarkatun canjin kudi zai kawar da matsalolin da ake samu a kasuwa sakamakon takunkumin da aka kirkira da hannu.

Hauhawar farashin kayayyaki, musamman yadda yake shafar talakawan Nijeriya da yadda za a rage shi zuwa matakan da za a iya sarrafawa, ya kasance babban abin mayar da hankali a tattalin arzikin CBN. Don haka aka kafa Babban Kason Ajiyar Kudi (CRR) na kashi 45 cikin dari domin iyakance yawan kudaden da ke yawo a tattalin arziki. A baya ana ganin cewa yawan kudaden da ba a sarrafa su yadda ya kamata yana haifar da matsaloli wajen kokarin rage hauhawar farashin kayayyaki.

A baya, Cardoso ya bayyana shirin gabatar da Tsarin Nufin Rage Hauhawar Farashin Kayayyaki, wanda ke nuna babban sauyi a tsarin manufofin kudi na Nijeriya. Wannan tsarin an tsara shi ne domin magance matsalar hauhawar farashin kayayyaki da ke ci gaba da tasiri sosai kan karfin sayen al’umma.

Nufin rage hauhawar farashin kayayyaki, wanda shi ne ginshikin dabarunsa, wata hanya ce ta manufofin kudi inda babban banki ke sanya wani muhimmin matakin hauhawar farashi sannan ya daidaita kimar riba da sauran kayan aikin kudi don cimma wannan manufa.

Wannan hanya tana samar da tsari mai kyau ta sarrafa hauhawar farashin kayayyaki, musamman a Nijeriya, inda hauhawar farashi ta dade tana zama babban cikas ga daidaiton tattalin arziki.

Wannan yana bayyana a cikin matakin tsauraran manufofin kudi da yake dauka domin yakar hauhawar farashin kayayyaki da ke ci gaba da kasancewa a Nijeriya, wanda ya bayyana a cikin jerin kudurin da Kwamitin Manufofin Kudi (MPC) ya yanke.

Har yanzu ana ci gaba da bin wannan hangen nesa, Babban Bankin na tilasta kayyade adadin kudaden da za a iya cirewa domin karfafa amfani da hanyoyin dijital da kuma dawo da ladabi wajen yawan kudaden da ke yawo a tattalin arziki da tasirin su na haifar da hauhawar farashin kayayyaki.

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